Pilling is the formation of small fibre balls on a textile surface. Friction releases loose fibre ends; movement tangles them, and stronger fibres hold the little knot to the fabric. It is not the same as ordinary lint and does not automatically prove poor quality. Soft wool, cashmere, cotton, viscose and synthetic blends can all pill, but the speed, size and persistence differ.
Where and why it appears
Look first at underarms, sides, cuffs, seat and places touched by a bag or belt. A loosely spun, brushed or very soft yarn exposes more ends, while short fibres escape more easily. In blends, a strong synthetic component may anchor pills that a pure natural fabric would eventually shed. Fit matters too: constant rubbing from a tight layer accelerates the process.
Practical care
Reduce friction before trying to remove damage. Wash inside out, separate rough items, use a mesh bag and avoid overloading the drum. Rest knitwear between wears and keep hook-and-loop fasteners away. Remove pills on a flat, dry garment with a proper fabric comb or guarded shaver, using almost no pressure and testing a hidden area first. Never pull pills by hand: that can draw fresh fibres from the yarn.
Judge pilling in context. A few removable balls on a beloved soft knit are different from rapid thinning, broken yarns or holes, which signal a structural problem.
